Photodissociation and ionisation rates
The calculation of photodissociation and ionisation rate of atoms and molecules when exposed to interstellar ultraviolet radiation is discussed in various overview papers. Briefly, a rate (k, s-1) is calculated assuming different kinds of wavelength (λ, nm) dependent ultraviolet radiation fields (I, photons s-1 nm-1) according to the integral:
k = ∫σ(λ)×I(λ) dλ
where σ(λ) is the continuum photodissociation or ionisation cross section (cm2) as a function of wavelength. In some cases we have listed photoabsorption lines with integrated cross sections (σint, cm2 cm-1) and absorption wavelengths (λ0). These lines contribute to the photodestruction rates, along with the continuum part, so that:
k = Σ σint×I(λ0) + ∫σ(λ)×I(λ) dλ
The various kinds of interstellar radiation fields considered are explained here.
Click on a link below to get rates for that atom or molecule.
| Al | AlH | C | C2 | C2H | C2H- | C2H2 | C2H3 |
| C2H4 | C2H5 | C2H5OH | C2H6 | C3 | C3H3 | C3H7OH | C4H- |
| C6H- | CH | CH+ | CH2 | CH2+ | CH3 | CH3CHO | CH3OCH3 |
| CH3OCHO | CH3CN | CH3NH2 | CH3OH | CH3SH | CH4 | CH4+ | CN |
| CO | CO+ | CO2 | CS | CS2 | Ca | Ca+ | Cl |
| Co | Cr | Fe | H | H- | H2 | H2+ | H2CO |
| H2CS | H2O | H2O2 | H2S | H3+ | HC3H | HC3N | HCN |
| HCO | HCO+ | HCOOH | HCl | HCl+ | HF | HNC | HNCO |
| HO2 | K | Li | LiH | Mg | MgH | Mn | N |
| N2 | N2O | NH | NH+ | NH2 | NH2CHO | NH3 | NO |
| NO2 | Na | NaCl | NaH | Ni | O | O2 | O2+ |
| O3 | OCS | OH | OH+ | P | PH | PH+ | Rb |
| S | S2 | SH | SH+ | SO | SO2 | Si | SiH |
| SiH+ | SiO | Ti | Zn | c-C3H | c-C3H2 | l-C3H | l-C3H2 |
| l-C4 | l-C4H | l-C5H |
Tabulated photodestruction rates for all atoms and molecules
[Download all rates in a csv file.]
In units per second (s-1).
Photodestruction products
Below we provide rates photodissociation and ionisation separately. That is, the sum of dissociation or dissociative-ionisation product channels. The dominant photodissociation and ionisation products at their threshold wavelengths are given on the cross sections page.Uncertainties
Uncertainties are estimated from the known or approximate uncertainties of the measured and experimental cross sections compiled for each atom or molecule. These are estimated over the wavelength ranges relevant to cosmic ray generated radiation (80 to 150 nm). These are categorised as follows:
- A+. Accurate to within 20%
- A. Accurate to within 30%
- B. Accurate within a factor of 2
- C. Accurate within a factor of 10
| Species | Products | ISRF | Mathis | 4000K | 10000K | 20000K | Lyman-alpha | Solar | TW-Hya | Uncertainty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al | photoionisation | 4.39e-09 | 2.98e-09 | 2.15e-08 | 1.00e-08 | 5.33e-09 | 1.37e-09 | 2.14e-08 | 3.67e-09 | B |
| AlH | photodissociation | 2.63e-10 | 1.86e-10 | 4.00e-09 | 1.07e-09 | 3.80e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 5.28e-09 | 2.35e-10 | C |
| AlH | photoionisation | 1.51e-10 | 9.88e-11 | 1.25e-12 | 5.58e-11 | 1.26e-10 | 3.38e-10 | 1.44e-11 | 2.29e-10 | C |
| C | photoionisation | 3.39e-10 | 2.55e-10 | 5.69e-15 | 2.81e-11 | 2.96e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 9.92e-12 | 8.34e-11 | B |
| C2 | photodissociation | 2.35e-10 | 1.72e-10 | 4.61e-13 | 4.47e-11 | 2.15e-10 | 7.83e-11 | 7.41e-12 | 9.22e-11 | B |
| C2 | photoionisation | 3.25e-10 | 2.82e-10 | 1.27e-15 | 2.19e-11 | 3.38e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 8.60e-12 | 8.07e-11 | B |
| C2H | photodissociation | 1.58e-09 | 1.04e-09 | 4.42e-11 | 6.76e-10 | 1.34e-09 | 5.08e-10 | 6.44e-11 | 8.34e-10 | B |
| C2H | photoionisation | 6.20e-10 | 4.86e-10 | 4.39e-15 | 4.52e-11 | 5.83e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.40e-11 | 1.48e-10 | B |
| C2H- | photoionisation | 2.92e-09 | 2.18e-09 | 1.77e-06 | 1.16e-08 | 2.77e-09 | 1.16e-09 | 1.76e-06 | 5.45e-09 | A+ |
| C2H2 | photodissociation | 2.41e-09 | 1.58e-09 | 1.29e-10 | 1.08e-09 | 2.05e-09 | 8.67e-09 | 4.22e-10 | 3.17e-09 | A+ |
| C2H2 | photoionisation | 5.28e-10 | 4.15e-10 | 5.21e-15 | 4.01e-11 | 4.91e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 2.39e-11 | 1.67e-10 | A+ |
| C2H3 | photodissociation | 3.04e-09 | 2.56e-09 | 3.68e-06 | 1.38e-08 | 3.44e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 1.68e-06 | 7.76e-09 | C |
| C2H3 | photoionisation | 2.01e-09 | 1.43e-09 | 2.08e-12 | 3.28e-10 | 1.67e-09 | 4.19e-09 | 1.77e-10 | 2.74e-09 | C |
| C2H4 | photodissociation | 3.06e-09 | 2.04e-09 | 7.53e-10 | 2.44e-09 | 2.96e-09 | 3.71e-09 | 7.94e-10 | 3.51e-09 | C |
| C2H4 | photoionisation | 4.10e-10 | 3.20e-10 | 1.64e-14 | 3.73e-11 | 3.71e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 6.19e-12 | 8.11e-11 | C |
| C2H5 | photodissociation | 1.55e-09 | 9.98e-10 | 6.42e-08 | 5.86e-09 | 1.96e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 6.60e-08 | 1.43e-09 | A+ |
| C2H5 | photoionisation | 4.08e-10 | 2.82e-10 | 1.54e-12 | 9.81e-11 | 3.37e-10 | 8.69e-10 | 3.65e-11 | 5.79e-10 | A+ |
| C2H5OH | photodissociation | 2.48e-09 | 1.69e-09 | 2.13e-10 | 9.19e-10 | 2.12e-09 | 4.02e-09 | 3.67e-10 | 3.04e-09 | A |
| C2H5OH | photoionisation | 4.86e-10 | 3.85e-10 | 1.43e-14 | 4.12e-11 | 4.48e-10 | 6.76e-18 | 2.81e-11 | 1.76e-10 | A |
| C2H6 | photodissociation | 2.13e-09 | 1.46e-09 | 5.93e-12 | 4.77e-10 | 1.73e-09 | 3.56e-09 | 1.59e-10 | 2.49e-09 | A+ |
| C2H6 | photoionisation | 2.25e-10 | 2.03e-10 | 7.86e-16 | 1.50e-11 | 2.38e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 2.31e-11 | 1.19e-10 | A+ |
| C3 | photodissociation | 4.97e-09 | 3.19e-09 | 6.53e-10 | 4.34e-09 | 4.93e-09 | 2.17e-09 | 5.85e-10 | 4.17e-09 | C |
| C3 | photoionisation | 1.36e-10 | 1.15e-10 | 9.03e-16 | 9.67e-12 | 1.36e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 3.55e-12 | 3.33e-11 | C |
| C3H3 | photodissociation | 6.30e-10 | 4.55e-10 | 3.28e-07 | 3.35e-09 | 7.52e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 2.78e-07 | 1.08e-09 | A+ |
| C3H3 | photoionisation | 1.84e-09 | 1.27e-09 | 5.86e-12 | 4.55e-10 | 1.52e-09 | 3.64e-09 | 1.57e-10 | 2.49e-09 | A+ |
| C3H7OH | photodissociation | 4.03e-09 | 2.72e-09 | 3.79e-10 | 1.54e-09 | 3.40e-09 | 8.12e-09 | 6.81e-10 | 5.77e-09 | A |
| C3H7OH | photoionisation | 7.65e-10 | 6.05e-10 | 2.63e-14 | 6.56e-11 | 7.04e-10 | 4.40e-11 | 4.30e-11 | 2.91e-10 | A |
| C4H- | photoionisation | 1.93e-09 | 1.31e-09 | 3.97e-07 | 6.44e-09 | 1.99e-09 | 9.77e-10 | 4.95e-07 | 2.52e-09 | A+ |
| C6H- | photoionisation | 1.08e-09 | 7.14e-10 | 1.36e-07 | 3.27e-09 | 1.13e-09 | 5.98e-10 | 1.67e-07 | 1.28e-09 | A+ |
| CH | photodissociation | 9.14e-10 | 6.35e-10 | 1.73e-07 | 2.21e-09 | 9.58e-10 | 7.87e-12 | 2.13e-07 | 1.13e-09 | C |
| CH | photoionisation | 2.51e-10 | 1.93e-10 | 9.93e-15 | 2.30e-11 | 2.22e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 4.57e-12 | 5.09e-11 | C |
| CH+ | photodissociation | 3.29e-10 | 2.58e-10 | 5.99e-10 | 3.79e-11 | 3.16e-10 | 7.87e-12 | 8.12e-10 | 8.07e-11 | A |
| CH2 | photodissociation | 5.80e-10 | 3.90e-10 | 2.96e-09 | 1.28e-09 | 6.97e-10 | 7.87e-12 | 3.46e-09 | 3.70e-10 | C |
| CH2+ | photodissociation | 1.41e-10 | 1.16e-10 | 3.74e-11 | 8.33e-11 | 1.55e-10 | 7.87e-12 | 3.43e-11 | 4.66e-11 | B |
| CH3 | photodissociation | 6.23e-10 | 4.02e-10 | 2.59e-09 | 7.45e-10 | 6.14e-10 | 2.57e-71 | 4.34e-09 | 2.33e-10 | B |
| CH3 | photoionisation | 3.28e-10 | 2.35e-10 | 8.58e-14 | 4.48e-11 | 2.66e-10 | 8.36e-10 | 3.61e-11 | 5.52e-10 | B |
| CH3CHO | photodissociation | 1.99e-09 | 1.30e-09 | 3.78e-09 | 1.58e-09 | 1.89e-09 | 3.19e-09 | 4.82e-09 | 2.66e-09 | A |
| CH3CHO | photoionisation | 8.37e-10 | 5.93e-10 | 1.33e-13 | 1.11e-10 | 6.47e-10 | 1.95e-10 | 2.66e-11 | 3.60e-10 | A |
| CH3OCH3 | photodissociation | 2.04e-09 | 1.39e-09 | 6.91e-10 | 1.31e-09 | 1.90e-09 | 1.19e-09 | 7.21e-10 | 1.37e-09 | A+ |
| CH3OCH3 | photoionisation | 1.15e-09 | 8.45e-10 | 1.93e-13 | 1.41e-10 | 9.60e-10 | 3.00e-09 | 1.42e-10 | 2.02e-09 | A+ |
| CH3OCHO | photodissociation | 2.25e-09 | 1.48e-09 | 7.04e-10 | 1.38e-09 | 2.02e-09 | 3.79e-09 | 1.01e-09 | 3.00e-09 | A+ |
| CH3OCHO | photoionisation | 2.90e-10 | 2.27e-10 | 4.83e-15 | 2.33e-11 | 2.64e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.63e-11 | 9.87e-11 | A+ |
| CH3CN | photodissociation | 2.95e-09 | 2.06e-09 | 9.10e-12 | 5.37e-10 | 2.40e-09 | 1.71e-09 | 1.09e-10 | 1.64e-09 | A |
| CH3CN | photoionisation | 1.20e-10 | 1.11e-10 | 3.77e-16 | 7.85e-12 | 1.32e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.56e-11 | 7.75e-11 | A |
| CH3NH2 | photodissociation | 7.26e-10 | 4.75e-10 | 4.22e-09 | 1.28e-09 | 8.02e-10 | 9.83e-16 | 6.29e-09 | 4.26e-10 | A |
| CH3NH2 | photoionisation | 1.60e-09 | 1.15e-09 | 6.93e-13 | 2.31e-10 | 1.32e-09 | 3.83e-09 | 1.73e-10 | 2.55e-09 | A |
| CH3OH | photodissociation | 1.38e-09 | 9.46e-10 | 1.23e-10 | 5.34e-10 | 1.19e-09 | 2.18e-09 | 2.11e-10 | 1.65e-09 | A+ |
| CH3OH | photoionisation | 3.11e-10 | 2.45e-10 | 5.48e-15 | 2.52e-11 | 2.84e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.65e-11 | 1.07e-10 | A+ |
| CH3SH | photodissociation | 2.80e-09 | 1.84e-09 | 7.38e-09 | 2.80e-09 | 2.70e-09 | 3.43e-09 | 8.46e-09 | 3.11e-09 | A |
| CH3SH | photoionisation | 1.91e-09 | 1.34e-09 | 8.13e-13 | 2.86e-10 | 1.52e-09 | 3.72e-09 | 1.61e-10 | 2.51e-09 | A |
| CH4 | photodissociation | 1.52e-09 | 1.08e-09 | 1.68e-12 | 2.67e-10 | 1.27e-09 | 2.84e-09 | 1.28e-10 | 1.95e-09 | A+ |
| CH4 | photoionisation | 1.03e-11 | 1.24e-11 | 9.34e-18 | 5.55e-13 | 1.16e-11 | 3.29e-25 | 9.34e-12 | 3.81e-11 | A+ |
| CH4+ | photodissociation | 2.77e-10 | 1.91e-10 | 1.74e-13 | 4.62e-11 | 2.20e-10 | 7.87e-12 | 3.64e-12 | 5.22e-11 | B |
| CN | photodissociation | 5.19e-10 | 4.25e-10 | 2.33e-14 | 5.11e-11 | 4.53e-10 | 2.04e-11 | 1.65e-11 | 1.26e-10 | B |
| CN | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 2.03e-12 | 5.88e-12 | B |
| CO | photodissociation | 2.43e-10 | 2.12e-10 | 2.81e-15 | 1.81e-11 | 2.38e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.02e-11 | 5.72e-11 | A+ |
| CO | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 6.52e-12 | 2.54e-11 | A+ |
| CO+ | photodissociation | 1.04e-10 | 7.12e-11 | 1.68e-13 | 2.40e-11 | 8.35e-11 | 7.87e-12 | 1.42e-12 | 2.29e-11 | B |
| CO2 | photodissociation | 1.02e-09 | 7.79e-10 | 2.37e-12 | 1.14e-10 | 8.99e-10 | 1.03e-11 | 2.17e-11 | 2.15e-10 | A+ |
| CO2 | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 6.52e-12 | 2.57e-11 | A+ |
| CS | photodissociation | 2.69e-09 | 1.73e-09 | 6.31e-11 | 1.37e-09 | 2.38e-09 | 1.34e-09 | 1.17e-10 | 1.47e-09 | A+ |
| CS | photoionisation | 1.10e-10 | 8.38e-11 | 1.70e-15 | 9.01e-12 | 9.77e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 3.47e-12 | 2.72e-11 | A+ |
| CS2 | photodissociation | 8.80e-09 | 6.15e-09 | 5.01e-08 | 1.93e-08 | 1.04e-08 | 2.69e-09 | 5.13e-08 | 6.68e-09 | A |
| CS2 | photoionisation | 3.56e-10 | 2.63e-10 | 2.04e-14 | 3.44e-11 | 3.03e-10 | 1.63e-10 | 2.07e-11 | 2.03e-10 | A |
| Ca | photoionisation | 3.47e-10 | 2.32e-10 | 8.00e-10 | 6.18e-10 | 3.98e-10 | 1.44e-10 | 7.90e-10 | 2.91e-10 | B |
| Ca+ | photoionisation | 2.45e-12 | 1.96e-12 | 1.30e-17 | 1.73e-13 | 2.37e-12 | 0.00e+00 | 5.24e-14 | 5.98e-13 | B |
| Cl | photoionisation | 4.74e-11 | 5.49e-11 | 4.49e-17 | 2.53e-12 | 5.13e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 1.15e-11 | 4.91e-11 | B |
| Co | photoionisation | 5.34e-11 | 3.44e-11 | 3.33e-12 | 3.67e-11 | 5.03e-11 | 2.78e-11 | 3.50e-12 | 4.47e-11 | B |
| Cr | photoionisation | 1.58e-09 | 1.06e-09 | 1.75e-09 | 2.14e-09 | 1.70e-09 | 1.16e-09 | 1.88e-09 | 1.42e-09 | B |
| Fe | photoionisation | 4.71e-10 | 3.10e-10 | 1.20e-11 | 2.10e-10 | 4.10e-10 | 7.67e-10 | 3.90e-11 | 5.90e-10 | A |
| H | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 1.64e-12 | 5.45e-12 | A |
| H- | photoionisation | 1.46e-07 | 1.57e-08 | 1.63e-03 | 2.46e-07 | 1.39e-08 | 7.48e-10 | 1.45e-05 | 2.26e-06 | B |
| H2 | photodissociation | 5.68e-11 | 4.60e-11 | 2.02e-16 | 3.86e-12 | 5.77e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 3.08e-12 | 1.68e-11 | A+ |
| H2 | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 4.88e-13 | 3.21e-12 | A+ |
| H2+ | photodissociation | 5.72e-10 | 3.88e-10 | 4.28e-11 | 2.01e-10 | 4.83e-10 | 1.07e-09 | 8.74e-11 | 7.63e-10 | A |
| H2CO | photodissociation | 1.42e-09 | 9.55e-10 | 3.98e-09 | 9.58e-10 | 1.33e-09 | 1.49e-09 | 5.10e-09 | 1.41e-09 | B |
| H2CO | photoionisation | 3.96e-10 | 3.07e-10 | 1.10e-14 | 3.49e-11 | 3.58e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.31e-11 | 1.05e-10 | B |
| H2CS | photodissociation | 2.28e-09 | 1.53e-09 | 1.10e-08 | 2.56e-09 | 2.25e-09 | 2.63e-09 | 1.30e-08 | 2.47e-09 | B |
| H2CS | photoionisation | 1.55e-09 | 1.11e-09 | 1.13e-12 | 2.55e-10 | 1.29e-09 | 3.36e-09 | 1.53e-10 | 2.28e-09 | B |
| H2O | photodissociation | 7.72e-10 | 5.31e-10 | 1.57e-10 | 4.61e-10 | 7.14e-10 | 2.41e-09 | 2.30e-10 | 1.64e-09 | A+ |
| H2O | photoionisation | 2.71e-11 | 2.65e-11 | 4.26e-17 | 1.71e-12 | 3.14e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 4.25e-12 | 2.18e-11 | A+ |
| H2O2 | photodissociation | 8.08e-10 | 5.34e-10 | 2.41e-09 | 5.51e-10 | 7.16e-10 | 1.52e-09 | 2.90e-09 | 1.13e-09 | A |
| H2O2 | photoionisation | 2.48e-10 | 2.02e-10 | 3.20e-15 | 1.89e-11 | 2.37e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.19e-11 | 7.67e-11 | A |
| H2S | photodissociation | 3.12e-09 | 2.08e-09 | 4.24e-09 | 2.19e-09 | 2.82e-09 | 8.35e-09 | 6.13e-09 | 4.45e-09 | A |
| H2S | photoionisation | 7.81e-10 | 5.89e-10 | 4.58e-14 | 7.78e-11 | 6.69e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 2.65e-11 | 2.02e-10 | A |
| H3+ | photodissociation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 3.88e-13 | 3.67e-12 | A |
| HC3H | photodissociation | 2.15e-09 | 1.47e-09 | 1.80e-07 | 6.55e-09 | 2.65e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 2.95e-07 | 2.23e-09 | B |
| HC3H | photoionisation | 2.09e-09 | 1.45e-09 | 3.57e-12 | 4.41e-10 | 1.70e-09 | 4.72e-09 | 1.96e-10 | 3.13e-09 | B |
| HC3N | photodissociation | 7.13e-09 | 4.67e-09 | 6.23e-10 | 3.49e-09 | 6.28e-09 | 3.12e-09 | 9.63e-10 | 3.83e-09 | A |
| HC3N | photoionisation | 2.28e-10 | 1.84e-10 | 1.34e-15 | 1.62e-11 | 2.21e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.19e-11 | 7.72e-11 | A |
| HCN | photodissociation | 1.64e-09 | 1.16e-09 | 5.73e-12 | 2.81e-10 | 1.32e-09 | 5.35e-09 | 2.10e-10 | 3.26e-09 | A |
| HCN | photoionisation | 4.39e-13 | 7.08e-13 | 4.64e-20 | 4.22e-15 | 9.83e-14 | 0.00e+00 | 7.46e-12 | 2.79e-11 | A |
| HCO | photodissociation | 1.10e-09 | 4.85e-10 | 5.00e-06 | 2.75e-09 | 8.77e-10 | 1.16e-11 | 1.66e-08 | 7.41e-09 | C |
| HCO | photoionisation | 8.79e-10 | 6.33e-10 | 7.63e-13 | 1.27e-10 | 7.31e-10 | 1.11e-09 | 5.11e-11 | 8.03e-10 | C |
| HCO+ | photodissociation | 5.39e-12 | 3.74e-12 | 1.13e-16 | 4.92e-13 | 4.16e-12 | 0.00e+00 | 2.82e-14 | 7.25e-13 | B |
| HCOOH | photodissociation | 2.03e-09 | 1.35e-09 | 1.20e-08 | 1.28e-09 | 1.84e-09 | 1.79e-09 | 1.41e-08 | 1.77e-09 | A+ |
| HCOOH | photoionisation | 2.78e-10 | 2.18e-10 | 2.74e-15 | 2.11e-11 | 2.57e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.50e-11 | 9.92e-11 | A+ |
| HCl | photodissociation | 1.73e-09 | 1.20e-09 | 9.35e-11 | 5.07e-10 | 1.47e-09 | 1.46e-10 | 1.08e-10 | 5.59e-10 | A |
| HCl | photoionisation | 4.45e-11 | 4.31e-11 | 6.75e-17 | 2.82e-12 | 5.20e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 1.18e-11 | 5.12e-11 | A |
| HCl+ | photodissociation | 1.09e-10 | 8.50e-11 | 1.03e-12 | 2.36e-11 | 1.04e-10 | 1.33e-10 | 7.89e-12 | 1.05e-10 | C |
| HCl+ | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | C |
| HF | photodissociation | 1.38e-10 | 9.85e-11 | 5.31e-13 | 2.88e-11 | 1.17e-10 | 4.93e-10 | 2.18e-11 | 3.19e-10 | A |
| HF | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 2.45e-13 | 2.13e-12 | A |
| HNC | photodissociation | 1.70e-09 | 1.13e-09 | 4.33e-11 | 7.07e-10 | 1.48e-09 | 1.38e-09 | 1.04e-10 | 1.75e-09 | B |
| HNC | photoionisation | 1.91e-10 | 1.57e-10 | 7.85e-16 | 1.30e-11 | 1.91e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.45e-11 | 7.52e-11 | B |
| HNCO | photodissociation | 2.56e-09 | 1.72e-09 | 7.47e-09 | 1.18e-09 | 2.17e-09 | 4.65e-09 | 9.94e-09 | 3.39e-09 | A |
| HNCO | photoionisation | 1.03e-10 | 8.43e-11 | 6.18e-16 | 7.29e-12 | 1.01e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 6.89e-12 | 4.49e-11 | A |
| HO2 | photodissociation | 6.69e-10 | 4.43e-10 | 1.79e-08 | 2.02e-09 | 7.93e-10 | 7.87e-12 | 2.20e-08 | 4.83e-10 | C |
| HO2 | photoionisation | 8.39e-11 | 6.51e-11 | 7.88e-16 | 6.35e-12 | 7.73e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 1.51e-12 | 1.85e-11 | C |
| K | photoionisation | 3.89e-11 | 2.60e-11 | 3.67e-10 | 5.88e-11 | 4.02e-11 | 3.50e-11 | 4.17e-10 | 4.03e-11 | B |
| Li | photoionisation | 3.45e-10 | 2.30e-10 | 3.07e-09 | 7.06e-10 | 3.86e-10 | 2.09e-10 | 4.90e-09 | 3.30e-10 | A |
| LiH | photodissociation | 4.89e-09 | 2.98e-09 | 2.11e-06 | 3.25e-08 | 4.67e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 2.22e-06 | 8.43e-09 | A |
| Mg | photoionisation | 6.59e-11 | 4.29e-11 | 8.13e-12 | 5.35e-11 | 6.42e-11 | 1.12e-11 | 7.28e-12 | 4.19e-11 | B |
| MgH | photodissociation | 5.07e-10 | 3.27e-10 | 2.36e-08 | 8.78e-10 | 5.27e-10 | 7.87e-12 | 3.18e-08 | 2.71e-10 | C |
| Mn | photoionisation | 3.34e-11 | 2.15e-11 | 6.83e-12 | 3.35e-11 | 3.42e-11 | 6.96e-12 | 5.78e-12 | 2.58e-11 | B |
| N | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 1.63e-12 | 7.82e-12 | A |
| N2 | photodissociation | 1.70e-10 | 1.52e-10 | 3.18e-16 | 1.10e-11 | 1.91e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.05e-11 | 5.24e-11 | A+ |
| N2 | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 1.31e-12 | 8.79e-12 | A+ |
| N2O | photodissociation | 1.87e-09 | 1.25e-09 | 2.89e-11 | 5.13e-10 | 1.52e-09 | 6.06e-10 | 7.01e-11 | 7.31e-10 | B |
| N2O | photoionisation | 1.73e-10 | 1.91e-10 | 1.83e-16 | 1.05e-11 | 2.12e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 3.81e-12 | 3.74e-11 | B |
| NH | photodissociation | 5.75e-10 | 3.78e-10 | 1.06e-11 | 2.39e-10 | 5.06e-10 | 4.88e-11 | 1.66e-11 | 1.74e-10 | B |
| NH | photoionisation | 1.90e-12 | 2.95e-12 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 2.76e-12 | 1.02e-11 | B |
| NH+ | photodissociation | 5.30e-11 | 3.60e-11 | 1.19e-08 | 1.96e-10 | 4.92e-11 | 7.36e-12 | 8.44e-09 | 5.86e-11 | C |
| NH2 | photodissociation | 9.51e-10 | 6.27e-10 | 5.47e-10 | 1.29e-09 | 1.04e-09 | 4.76e-12 | 4.34e-10 | 4.35e-10 | C |
| NH2 | photoionisation | 8.96e-11 | 7.12e-11 | 7.26e-16 | 6.59e-12 | 8.54e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 4.00e-12 | 2.70e-11 | C |
| NH2CHO | photodissociation | 2.70e-09 | 1.79e-09 | 2.35e-09 | 3.10e-09 | 2.78e-09 | 2.87e-09 | 2.73e-09 | 3.04e-09 | A |
| NH2CHO | photoionisation | 5.17e-10 | 4.00e-10 | 2.75e-14 | 4.94e-11 | 4.58e-10 | 2.95e-11 | 1.99e-11 | 1.55e-10 | A |
| NH3 | photodissociation | 1.44e-09 | 9.87e-10 | 3.63e-09 | 1.71e-09 | 1.43e-09 | 1.32e-09 | 4.08e-09 | 1.40e-09 | A+ |
| NH3 | photoionisation | 2.69e-10 | 1.97e-10 | 1.75e-14 | 2.79e-11 | 2.23e-10 | 4.75e-11 | 9.57e-12 | 9.01e-11 | A+ |
| NO | photodissociation | 3.84e-10 | 2.72e-10 | 2.10e-10 | 3.14e-10 | 3.87e-10 | 7.53e-11 | 2.14e-10 | 2.18e-10 | A |
| NO | photoionisation | 2.60e-10 | 1.93e-10 | 7.36e-14 | 3.07e-11 | 2.25e-10 | 3.27e-10 | 1.93e-11 | 2.58e-10 | A |
| NO2 | photodissociation | 1.39e-09 | 9.22e-10 | 4.84e-10 | 1.13e-09 | 1.33e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 4.13e-10 | 1.30e-09 | B |
| NO2 | photoionisation | 1.54e-10 | 1.19e-10 | 4.22e-15 | 1.29e-11 | 1.39e-10 | 1.67e-11 | 3.09e-12 | 4.13e-11 | B |
| Na | photoionisation | 1.36e-11 | 9.09e-12 | 1.29e-10 | 1.48e-11 | 1.27e-11 | 1.68e-11 | 1.38e-10 | 1.55e-11 | B |
| NaCl | photodissociation | 9.45e-10 | 6.02e-10 | 6.00e-08 | 3.64e-09 | 1.18e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 6.13e-08 | 8.44e-10 | C |
| NaH | photodissociation | 7.00e-09 | 4.46e-09 | 3.70e-06 | 4.59e-08 | 6.41e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 3.97e-06 | 1.29e-08 | A |
| Ni | photoionisation | 9.76e-11 | 6.30e-11 | 9.50e-12 | 7.52e-11 | 9.39e-11 | 4.90e-11 | 9.54e-12 | 7.71e-11 | B |
| O | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 1.38e-12 | 6.21e-12 | B |
| O2 | photodissociation | 7.51e-10 | 4.88e-10 | 7.32e-11 | 5.50e-10 | 7.23e-10 | 2.02e-12 | 6.10e-11 | 3.44e-10 | A |
| O2 | photoionisation | 4.89e-11 | 4.29e-11 | 1.26e-16 | 3.23e-12 | 5.34e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 3.49e-12 | 2.25e-11 | A |
| O2+ | photodissociation | 3.46e-11 | 2.29e-11 | 1.43e-11 | 3.88e-11 | 3.55e-11 | 3.96e-10 | 2.43e-11 | 2.49e-10 | B |
| O3 | photodissociation | 1.83e-09 | 1.15e-09 | 2.36e-07 | 5.80e-09 | 1.75e-09 | 4.66e-09 | 2.23e-07 | 4.10e-09 | B |
| O3 | photoionisation | 3.32e-11 | 3.40e-11 | 4.35e-17 | 2.06e-12 | 3.95e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 7.47e-12 | 3.47e-11 | B |
| OCS | photodissociation | 4.67e-09 | 3.06e-09 | 1.64e-09 | 3.79e-09 | 4.55e-09 | 1.15e-09 | 1.81e-09 | 3.66e-09 | A |
| OCS | photoionisation | 7.67e-10 | 6.06e-10 | 1.13e-14 | 6.07e-11 | 7.30e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 3.01e-11 | 2.18e-10 | A |
| OH | photodissociation | 4.26e-10 | 2.86e-10 | 2.14e-10 | 2.27e-10 | 3.75e-10 | 7.20e-10 | 1.92e-10 | 5.68e-10 | A+ |
| OH | photoionisation | 1.59e-11 | 1.86e-11 | 1.50e-17 | 8.23e-13 | 1.65e-11 | 0.00e+00 | 2.87e-12 | 1.01e-11 | A+ |
| OH+ | photodissociation | 1.30e-11 | 1.12e-11 | 4.38e-13 | 9.55e-13 | 1.30e-11 | 5.32e-17 | 6.82e-13 | 2.90e-12 | A |
| P | photoionisation | 1.89e-09 | 1.37e-09 | 1.39e-13 | 2.05e-10 | 1.55e-09 | 0.00e+00 | 3.27e-11 | 3.63e-10 | C |
| PH | photodissociation | 5.78e-10 | 3.77e-10 | 6.83e-11 | 4.20e-10 | 5.43e-10 | 1.79e-11 | 5.85e-11 | 3.20e-10 | C |
| PH+ | photodissociation | 1.40e-10 | 1.09e-10 | 9.59e-08 | 4.08e-10 | 1.07e-10 | 1.67e-10 | 8.01e-08 | 3.08e-10 | C |
| Rb | photoionisation | 2.74e-11 | 1.84e-11 | 1.62e-09 | 4.79e-11 | 2.72e-11 | 2.34e-11 | 2.21e-09 | 3.00e-11 | B |
| S | photoionisation | 1.13e-09 | 8.43e-10 | 8.09e-14 | 1.15e-10 | 9.75e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 2.43e-11 | 2.30e-10 | A |
| S2 | photodissociation | 9.68e-10 | 5.59e-10 | 3.15e-07 | 6.36e-09 | 9.68e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 3.24e-07 | 1.52e-09 | A |
| S2 | photoionisation | 2.30e-09 | 1.62e-09 | 2.18e-12 | 3.82e-10 | 1.86e-09 | 8.52e-09 | 3.41e-10 | 5.22e-09 | A |
| SH | photodissociation | 1.23e-09 | 8.09e-10 | 3.42e-08 | 2.82e-09 | 1.38e-09 | 1.27e-09 | 4.95e-08 | 1.54e-09 | B |
| SH | photoionisation | 1.26e-09 | 9.40e-10 | 1.11e-13 | 1.37e-10 | 1.07e-09 | 3.18e-11 | 3.00e-11 | 2.89e-10 | B |
| SH+ | photodissociation | 6.86e-10 | 5.18e-10 | 3.98e-08 | 3.22e-10 | 6.08e-10 | 1.17e-11 | 4.64e-08 | 2.42e-10 | B |
| SH+ | photoionisation | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | 0.00e+00 | B |
| SO | photodissociation | 4.25e-09 | 2.85e-09 | 8.44e-09 | 3.03e-09 | 3.68e-09 | 1.67e-08 | 1.23e-08 | 1.10e-08 | B |
| SO | photoionisation | 5.31e-10 | 3.69e-10 | 3.22e-14 | 5.66e-11 | 4.07e-10 | 9.41e-17 | 6.56e-12 | 9.77e-11 | B |
| SO2 | photodissociation | 2.47e-09 | 1.69e-09 | 4.00e-09 | 1.75e-09 | 2.22e-09 | 6.08e-09 | 5.55e-09 | 4.33e-09 | A |
| SO2 | photoionisation | 1.31e-10 | 1.23e-10 | 2.73e-16 | 8.36e-12 | 1.45e-10 | 0.00e+00 | 1.66e-11 | 8.41e-11 | A |
| Si | photoionisation | 4.47e-09 | 2.94e-09 | 9.29e-11 | 2.04e-09 | 3.91e-09 | 5.69e-09 | 2.90e-10 | 4.38e-09 | B |
| SiH | photodissociation | 2.71e-09 | 1.84e-09 | 1.14e-06 | 1.48e-08 | 3.00e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 1.03e-06 | 5.19e-09 | B |
| SiH | photoionisation | 5.34e-09 | 3.72e-09 | 1.22e-10 | 1.55e-09 | 4.56e-09 | 5.36e-09 | 3.40e-10 | 4.41e-09 | B |
| SiH+ | photodissociation | 2.59e-09 | 2.65e-09 | 5.40e-06 | 1.13e-08 | 1.49e-09 | 3.50e-09 | 4.21e-06 | 1.14e-08 | A |
| SiO | photodissociation | 1.59e-09 | 1.04e-09 | 1.41e-11 | 6.05e-10 | 1.36e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 1.47e-11 | 3.46e-10 | B |
| Ti | photoionisation | 2.39e-10 | 1.64e-10 | 9.77e-12 | 7.70e-11 | 2.02e-10 | 4.18e-10 | 2.60e-11 | 2.94e-10 | C |
| Zn | photoionisation | 4.10e-10 | 2.85e-10 | 3.08e-14 | 3.76e-11 | 3.23e-10 | 9.23e-12 | 3.03e-12 | 6.69e-11 | B |
| c-C3H | photodissociation | 1.06e-09 | 6.47e-10 | 1.10e-07 | 3.77e-09 | 1.14e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 1.32e-07 | 1.14e-09 | B |
| c-C3H | photoionisation | 1.33e-09 | 9.55e-10 | 2.98e-13 | 1.78e-10 | 1.08e-09 | 4.19e-09 | 1.65e-10 | 2.66e-09 | B |
| c-C3H2 | photodissociation | 1.39e-09 | 8.77e-10 | 5.54e-08 | 3.27e-09 | 1.51e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 2.96e-08 | 8.54e-10 | B |
| c-C3H2 | photoionisation | 1.80e-09 | 1.26e-09 | 1.46e-12 | 3.19e-10 | 1.45e-09 | 4.72e-09 | 1.90e-10 | 3.06e-09 | B |
| l-C3H | photodissociation | 1.77e-09 | 1.25e-09 | 4.70e-07 | 4.41e-09 | 1.97e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 4.17e-07 | 2.12e-09 | B |
| l-C3H | photoionisation | 1.37e-09 | 9.79e-10 | 3.41e-13 | 1.88e-10 | 1.11e-09 | 3.83e-09 | 1.53e-10 | 2.56e-09 | B |
| l-C3H2 | photodissociation | 4.13e-09 | 2.68e-09 | 6.68e-09 | 3.65e-09 | 3.89e-09 | 2.29e-09 | 7.25e-09 | 3.13e-09 | B |
| l-C4 | photodissociation | 8.48e-09 | 5.67e-09 | 5.42e-08 | 2.22e-08 | 1.10e-08 | 7.87e-12 | 8.35e-08 | 5.54e-09 | B |
| l-C4H | photodissociation | 3.66e-09 | 2.34e-09 | 7.45e-10 | 3.30e-09 | 3.66e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 6.75e-10 | 1.23e-09 | B |
| l-C5H | photodissociation | 1.30e-09 | 9.36e-10 | 6.87e-07 | 7.97e-09 | 1.30e-09 | 7.87e-12 | 9.62e-07 | 2.35e-09 | B |